State and local governments run a parallel ecosystem of down-payment-assistance grants, deferred or forgivable loans, mortgage credit certificates, and first-time-buyer interest-rate subsidies — CalHFA in California, TSAHC in Texas, IHDA in Illinois, Florida Housing, the Maryland Mortgage Program, the Georgia Dream Homeownership Program, and many more. Every one of them is income-restricted, typically to area-median-income bands that exclude high earners by design, and loan sizes are bounded by conforming or program-specific limits. They exist; you should know they exist if you advise younger family members or new graduates; they will almost never apply to your own purchase. Starting points if you want to look anyway: HUD’s local-programs directory, CalHFA, TSAHC, IHDA, Florida Housing, and the Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC) programs reported on Form 8396.